Statement of Problem: A few studies have been conducted about bioglass posts.Aim: The aim of this study was to compare bioglass posts with prefabricated metallic posts in clinical performance of extensive composite restorations for anterior endodontically treated teeth.Materials and Methods: Sixty endodontocally maxillary anterior teeth, with horizontally or vertically destruction were selected. Teeth were divided into two groups based on the kind of post: Metallic prefabricated parapost and bioglass post. Each group was divided into three subgroups based on anterior bite: normal, deep bite and edge to edge. Gutta-percha was removed from 2/3 of canal length for parapost and 1/3 for bioglass post. After etching with phosphoric-acid (37%) and applying dentine bonding Syntac, Duo cement was used for the adhesion of bioglass post and a self cured composite (Degufil) for parapost. Restoration was done with a hybrid composite (Heliomolar). Follow up studies, radiographically and clinically, were done every three months for a 1.5-year period. Exact Fisher and Pearson tests were used for data analysis.Results: Apical lesion was not observed in any of the radiographs. Post seal was increased by resin cement and dentin bonding agent. Post type did not significantly affect on the clinical success rate of the restorations. The retention of restoration, for both posts, was the same. Crown destruction had no significant effect on success rate. The type of anterior bite had a significant effect on success rate, as the total 6.6% failure rate was related to the patients with anterior deep bite.Conclusion: It is suggested to use metallic paraposts and bioglass posts, in extensive composite restorations for patients with deep-bite, more conservatively.

Introduction: Some studies demonstrated that adhesive systems can act as a substitute for the resin sealants to seal fissure.Therefore, it may be possible to simplify the technique by using the adhesive agent as a fissure sealant. The aim of this study was to determine the microleakage of dentine adhesive (Optibond solo plus) used as a fissure sealant.Materials & Methods: In this study, 60 intact pre-molars were chosen and divided into 3 groups.1. Etching+ opti bond soloplus, 2. Etching+Fissure sealant (synergy) 3. Etching+optibond soloplus+fissure sealant. Then the teeth were thermocycled for 500 times for 20 seconds and finally placed in distilled water. All teeth were sealed apically and coated within 1.5 mm of the sealant margin with two layers of nail varnish. The teeth were immersed in 0.5% fushin for 48 hours, and then the teeth were washed and cut off parallel to the long axis. The samples were studied in order to assess the amount of microleakage under the stereomicroscope with a magnification of 40, and were given a grading of 0 to 3. Finally, the data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests.Results: Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed between groups 1 and 2, groups 1 and 3 and groups 2 and 3. Group 2 (fissure sealant) showed the highest microleakage scores and group 1 (Optibond solo plus) showed the lowest microleakage.Conclusion: It seems that Optibond solo plus could be used as a fissure sealant. In addition, according to study results, application of Optibond solo plus before application of fissure sealant would also reduce microleakage.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine (CHX) application on immediate and two-month bond strength of a filled adhesive system.Methods: Forty eight non-carious human third molars without enamel of occlusal surface were randomly divided into two main groups according to CHX application: control and CHX. Each main group was further subdivided into 2 subgroups depending on storage time: immediate or two-month collagenase storage. In CHX groups, 2% CHX was applied for 30 s. Filled adhesive resin (PQ1) was applied on the etched dentin surfaces and cured in all experimental groups. Composite resin (Amelogen) was placed on the dentin surfaces and shear bond strength (SBS) was evaluated immediately and after two-month storage in collagenase solution. Failure modes were determined by stereomicroscope.Results: There was no significant difference in immediate SBS between groups (P>0.05). After two-month collagenase storage, although SBS was significantly reduced in control group (P<0.05), no significant reduction was observed in CHX group (P>0.05). SBS in CHX group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion: The use of CHX had no adverse effect on immediate bond strength of filled adhesive and could preserve the bond strength.

until the completion of healing process, which has its own complications in some critical fractures. To overcome this drawbacks bone adhesives are developed for the immobilization of fractured bones. Objective: In this in-vitro study we compared the bond strength obtained by immobilization of the bone fragments using plates and screw and new adhesive containing BTDMA monomer. Materials and Methods: In this experimental in-vitro trial, bone fractures were simulated in bovine’ s mandibular bone using an electrical saw. The bone fragments were randomly allocated in different groups and were immobilized with either plate and screws and adhesive containing 0, 10, 15% BTDMA. After 24 hours tensile bond strength was calculated using universal testing machine. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoe test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Mean (± standard deviation) of tensile bond strength of bone fixation using adhesive containing 15% (W/W) BTDMA monomer were 176. 0 (± 18. 89) N. These values were 149. 1 (± 23. 88) N for adhesive containing 10% BTDMA; 102 (± 17. 99) N for the base adhesive and 278. 9 (± 24. 12) N for the screw and plate technique. Significant differences were found regarding bond strength of bone fixation in 4 groups using bone adhesives or plate technique (P<0. 001). The highest bond strength was recorded for the plate group and the least was related to the base adhesive. Significant differences existed between all bone adhesives as declared by paired comparison (p<0. 05). Conclusion: Despite the lower bond strength in adhesive groups in comparison with screw and plate, with regards to possible complications of screw and plate technique, it seems bone adhesives containing BTDMA monomer can be used for bone fragment fixation. However, bond strength is just one of the numerous properties that an adhesive should have and more studies must be done on these kinds of adhesives.

This study explores the motivational components within teacher rating systems and their impact on professional growth motivation. Employing a systematic review approach, it investigates texts pertaining to teacher rating systems, motivation, and professional development literature. By examining various texts and research findings on teacher motivation, factors influencing teacher ratings based on general, specialized, and professional competencies, as well as experience, are identified. Drawing parallels with Herzberg's motivational theory, this study provides recommendations to bolster teacher motivation and job satisfaction through improvements in the rating system.